This batch of links was borrowed from elsewhere, but I neglected to note the source, thinking I'd remember. HAH.
Texas Ranger Long, who filled out the affadavits for searching the temple and the Ranch, is himself a long-time acquaintance of Flora Jessop. (link should be fixed now)
Jessop said she had to maintain the pretense that her caller was real so that Texas police could continue investigating. (link should be fixed now)
2004-When it all began. [link should be fixed now]
Jessop has a history of leading the media and others on a wild goose chase?
----------------------
The Trib examines the case so far and the implications of the Jeffs photo:
Just eight mothers were left in a pool of 26 females the state believed to be 17 or younger. More were expected to be declared adults in coming status hearings. Not a single instance of physical abuse was introduced in the hearings, either. Still, five judges mechanically approved boilerplate service plans while rejecting any suggested modifications from parents' or children's attorneys.
Then came the 3rd Court's ruling that Judge Walther abused her discretion in removing all the children with no evidence of abuse presented by CPS.
The state responded in San Antonio by temporarily permitting three sets of parents to keep their 12 children with them, indicating, once more, that the state truly does recognize this is not a single household. In the case of Dan and Louisa Jessop, they brought out the nasty images of Warren Jeffs kissing a 12 year old:
The photos were entered as evidence in a 14-day custody hearing for an infant born May 12 to Louisa and Dan Jessop. The girl in the photo is Dan Jessop's sister. Attorneys for the state contend the photo is evidence that the couple lived in a household that supported underage marriage.
The photographs have left at least some attorneys for FLDS parents and children reeling. Lawyers interviewed by The Salt Lake Tribune on Saturday said they found the photos "disturbing."
But attorneys were unsettled, too, by the state's use of them now rather than at the original hearing in mid-April.
Where the photographs came from has not been explained. [...]
But the photos caused legal experts such as Carl Tobias to raise the same question that has arisen with other prosecutorial moves in the case.
"Should one photo . . . serve as the basis for the state removing the 400-plus children?" said Tobias, a law professor at the University of Richmond in Virginia, and an expert in constitutional and court proceedings.
Which is the message from the Third Court of Appeals, said Richard Wexler, executive director of the National Coalition for Child Protection Reform in Virginia.
The photos are as "relevant as using a compromising photo of the parish priest to take the children of all the parishioners," he said in an e-mail to The Tribune, and are a "sleazy" attempt to shape public opinion.
"If it was aimed at any real court at all, it would be the Texas Supreme Court which is preparing to hear [state's Child Protective Services] appeal of a decision ordering many of the children returned to their homes," Wexler said.
Willie Jessop, an FLDS member and spokesman, traveled to San Antonio on Friday and, until Saturday, had never seen the photographs.
He said he doesn't know the girl or anything about her situation.
He accused the state of making a calculated, unethical move by using and publicly releasing the photos.
"If that was your daughter, would you want the court to leak it to the media?" he asked. "The state put those photographs out to insinuate there were marital relations that involved sexual intercourse, and that is not true."
The girl, now 13, is in state custody and, like other children, has received a physical exam.
Whatever her situation, it does not "give the state the right to take children away when it does not have anything to do with them," Willie Jessop said.
That argument has been made repeatedly by attorneys representing FLDS parents and children.
"There may be abuse going on. I don't think anyone has argued that's not the case," said Julie Balovich, an attorney with Texas RioGrande Legal Aid, one of the firms that won the appeals court decision. "The question is, can you remove these children this way under Texas law?"
For now, the photographs of Jeffs are being used in just one case - that of Louisa and Dan Jessop's son. The state's challenge is unchanged: It must show their infant is in urgent danger and there is no option but to keep him in state custody, separated from his father and siblings, ages 3 1/2 and 1 1/2 .
Wexler said even if CPS' allegations are true, there are alternatives - requiring parents to live off the ranch, for instance - that protect the children "without amputating their mothers."
I will also note that although the girl is supposed to be Dan's sister (and I have no reason to doubt that) he has some 45 siblings, at least. Also in his testimony about his own marriage, he says only his father, his father-in-law, and Warren Jeffs (who performed the ceremony) were present (besides he and his bride of course). Weddings in the FLDS don't seem to be the big shindigs we expect and are familiar with, and we may be guilty here of assuming things not in evidence, interpreting FLDS events through the lens of our own cultural practices. It's not unreasonable that Dan would not know his younger sister was 'sealed' to the Prophet- especially at that time, when said Prophet was on the lam and might be disappearing from the community for a long stretch of time. It's also not, apparently, unheard of for FLDS marriages to be unconsummated- especially since they believe the marriages will continue in Heaven, as will procreation. Nor is it unusual for marriages to occur for reasons of sealing alliances between families rather than for reasons more, um, physical.
The FLDS have many practices foreign to mainstream culture, some of which I share, some of which are abhorrent to me, and some of which are just different in a neutral fashion. But individuals within that group vary and have a right to defend themselves on an individual rather than group basis. That's not what has happened. This has been a trial of a religious group, and merely being a member of the group and living at the ranch will get your kids removed.
That's barbaric. As another commenter somewhere notes: "Civilized jurisprudence focuses on individuals and not groups".
------------------------
Another commenter notes:
And again, how does this picture justify taking away the rights hundreds of children not in this picture have to be with their parents who are not in this picture, either. Most of these children may well be adults by the time Mr. Jeffs gets out, and even if they’re not, he is certainly in no position to pose an imminent threat to any of them right now. Mr. Jeffs holds an entirely unique position within the FLDS. And this picture was taken at an entirely unique point in time for him and the church, as he was about to be taken away for a very long time. As such, even if the picture should be found to indicate some form of wrongdoing, you cannot generalize to assume it depicts common practice amongst regular FLDS parishioners under less unusual circumstances.
Furthermore, due to the fact that Mr. Jeffs, solely due to having been an accessory to a rapist less rape, was amongst the nation’s most wanted criminals at the time, dealings with him likely had to be of an unusually clandestine nature. Combined with the high numbers of half brothers and sisters some FLDS members have, it is entirely possible Dan Jessop was unaware of his sister’s participation in this supposed marriage ceremony.
-----------------------
Whatever the implications of that photograph, there's still no reason to keep Dan and Louisa's baby on the basis of it (and he wasn't removed on that basis, either). This is guilt by association, which is a smear tactic that has tainted the entire judicial process for the FLDS in Texas. As I said before, I think it would be a great photograph to use at Warren's trial, or even Merrill's. I personally have deep suspicions about Merrill Jessop- but we don't get to justify the removal of all of his children and grandchildren, let alone those of his neighbors, on the basis of my negative opinions- or those of CPS. Even these two (Warren and Merrill) are entitled to due process and all care and respect for their Constitutional rights.
Kpb commenting at Grits again, notes:
It helps nobody if rights are violated. When it becomes acceptable to violate the rights of those that are guilty, suspects are next in line with the innocent close behind.
---------------------------
We've permitted Child Protective agencies to run amok and without respect for said due process, so they can inflict the greatest punishment a parent can imagine on a family with lower standards of proof than a far less severe prison sentence. It is now acceptable to violate the rights of anybody so long as the charge is child abuse. It's surreal the risks and dangers we permit the state to take with our children in the name of protecting the children.
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON CHILD WELFARE AND FOSTER CARE, SELECT TEXAS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES INTERIM REPORT 2004 (pdf)
TCFR cited a report by Richard Wexler, an authority in the field of child welfare, which stated that national data on child abuse fatalities show that a child is more than twice as likely to die of abuse in foster care as in the general population. In the same report, Wexler also states that in reviewing other states' child protection agencies, the studies that detail abuse in foster care deal only with reported maltreatment. The actual amount of abuse in foster care, according to Wexler, is likely to be far higher, due to the fact that agencies have a special incentive not to investigate such reports, since they are in effect investigating themselves.
Another Grits Commenter excerpted some of it (sorry, I forget now which one), and I'm unabashedly passing it on here for wider dissemination:
Texas Center for Family Rights
TCFR's main concern with CPS in regards to substitute care is that they feel that while current law and policy allow parents to designate a substitute caregiver, in practice, CPS fails to aggressively apply this principle. As a result, TCFR feels that the State has failed to truly act in the best interests of children. TCFR testimony revolved around the following points:
Reasons for failure to promote care with a family member or friend:
• Assumption of guilt of parents causes distrust of family members to provide for
safety of children
• Feeling of power and control over child when in CPS custody
• Feeling of power and control over family when child in CPS custody
• Financial incentives to have child in foster care
Reasons for need to promote care with a family member or friend:
• Children need strong stable ties to familiar surroundings, especially in a crisis
• Removal of children from families always causes trauma to the child
• Children are NOT safer in foster care
• Foster care is stranger care
• CPS has failed to act in the best interest of children in its oversight of foster care
both in the State of Texas and nationally
• Perverse financial incentives with regard to federal guidelines color decisions
regarding the best interests of the child
• Judicial independence has been compromised especially with unethical cluster court
set-up
• Avoid class action law suit on behalf of children in Texas
Recommendations for Reform:
• Upon determination by CPS that removal is necessary, a parent or parents may
designate another person to care for the child as an alternative to being cast into the strange world of foster care.
• The right to direct placement is retained by parent until the court terminates the
parental rights.
• CPS provides a written safety plan to that designated person to properly care for
and protect the child.
• Law enforcement agency assisting in an investigation may conduct a criminal background check on designated person and any other person in the designated person’s household. Evidence of past sexual abuse, physical abuse or a serious felony would disqualify that person from caring for the child.
TCFR quoted the Texas Comptroller's Report of April 2004 which reviewed the many
aspects of the DFPS and the Texas foster care system as a whole. The report notes that “Federal and state oversight agencies have reported on DFPS’ troubles repeatedly, yet theproblems remain. And simple patches will not fix them....The Comptrollers’ review team found that the foster care system is failing too many children, from their placement, care and monitoring to the business processes that support them. The system reflects a legacy of weak leadership; an atmosphere of helpless acquiescence to the status quo; a reluctance to look too closely into dark corners; and a culture of self-protection and buckpassing.”
It is TCFR's contention that DFPS' many problems outlined in this report have
caused further harm to children in the foster care system.
TCFR referenced the Supreme Court decision Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 1925 which
states that "the child is not the mere creature of the state" in order to set the foundation for their recommendations on providing parents with a true decision on directing CPS where to place their children upon removal. According to the Texas Family Code § 153.001, the public policy of this State is to: assure that children will have frequent and continuing contact with parents who have shown the ability to act in the best interest of the child; and to provide a safe, stable, and nonviolent environment for the child. TCFR listed several other legal precedents to provide the Committee with a background on the consistency with their stance on parental directives and public policy, including:
• Texas Family Code § 153.003 states that a state agency may not adopt rules or
policies or take any other action that violates the fundamental right and duty of a
parent to direct the upbringing of the parent’s child.
• U.S. Supreme Court, Wisconsin v. Yoder, 1972, states that the history and culture
of Western civilization reflect a strong tradition of parental concern for the nurture and upbringing of their children. This primary role of the parents in the upbringing of their children is now established beyond debate as an enduring American tradition.
• U.S. Supreme Court, Troxel v. Granville states that the Due Process Clause does
not permit a State to infringe on the fundamental right of parents to make
childrearing decisions simply because a state judge believes a ‘better’ decision
could be made.
• Except as provided in subparagraph (D), reasonable efforts shall be made to
preserve and reunify families (42 U.S.C.A. 671(a)(15)(B)).
• Texas Family Code § 153.002 states that the best interest of the child shall always
be the primary consideration of the court in determining the issues of
conservatorship and possession of and access to the child.
TCFR's basis for portraying the laws and public policy relating to substitute care with relatives is to note that CPS has not always followed the letter of the law. Their testimony progressed with the dangers of placing children in the homes of unrelated foster caregivers.
TCFR cited a report by Richard Wexler, an authority in the field of child welfare, which stated that national data on child abuse fatalities show that a child is more than twice as likely to die of abuse in foster care as in the general population.
In the same report,
Wexler also states that in reviewing other states' child protection agencies, the studies that
detail abuse in foster care deal only with reported maltreatment. The actual amount of
abuse in foster care, according to Wexler, is likely to be far higher, due to the fact that
agencies have a special incentive not to investigate such reports, since they are in effect
investigating themselves.
TCFR portrayed their concerns about removing children from their families, and provided
the Committee with an abundant amount of research and legal decisions that documented
the strain and stress that removal puts on children. They noted that children’s own families
are the single most powerful agent for ensuring their healthy development. Removing
children from their families for any but the most compelling reasons breaks the critical bond
that children need to develop their basic personal and societal identities TCFR further
noted that children need close relationships with caring adults, however foster children
rarely have the opportunity to form and sustain these close ties.
Citing information from
the National Commission on Children, TCFR noted that placement with relatives is often a
desirable arrangement for children who have been removed from their parents. Placement
with relatives enables children to retain links to their families and may be less stressful than
placement with unfamiliar adults and children.
Based on the aforementioned testimony and research, TCFR listed the following
recommendations for reform in directing CPS to follow parental directive and uphold
parental rights upon allegations of abuse and removal of children:
• Upon determination by CPS that removal is necessary, a parent or parents may
designate another person to care for the child as an alternative to being cast into
foster care.
• The right to direct placement is retained by the parent(s) until the court terminates
the parental rights.
TCFR also listed safeguards to the State:
• CPS provides a written safety plan to that designated person to properly care for
and protect the child.
• Law enforcement agency assisting in an investigation may conduct a criminal
background check on designated person and any other person in the designated
person’s household.
o Evidence of past sexual abuse, physical abuse or a serious felony would
disqualify that person from caring for the child
TCFR believes that if the State follows their recommendations, the following outcomes will
be accomplished:
• For the child: there will be less trauma, the recommendations will prevent foster
care abuse, ensure greater safety, and provide stability with familiar surroundings.
• For the parents and their parental rights: there will be confidence about their
children's placements, confidence in the foster care system, less resulting job stress,
and less long-term devastation.
• For CPS: TCFR recommendations will keep CPS abiding by the spirit of the law,
help them overcome perverse financial incentives and have a reduced case load,
and provide them with the ability to concentrate on true abuse cases
-------------------------------
CPS generally gets away with all sorts of nonsense, but in this case they may have over-stepped just because the sheer size of the operation made it so newsworthy. And there may be lawsuits (I hope so):
"They have created chaos. They don't know what to do. This case has holes in it the size of the Grand Canyon," said Laura Shockley, a Dallas family law specialist with six clients in the case. "There is no way to fix this."
She and other lawyers say some of the seized people, especially those who it turns out are 18 or older, have potent federal civil rights lawsuits against the state.
Allegations of errors
In papers filed in court and in interviews for this story, lawyers for the children and parents have complained that the state (primarily through CPS, but also through law enforcement and the courts) has made a number of legal errors including:
•Insufficient investigation of the initial tip and tipster.
•Insufficient investigation at the ranch about who was in immediate danger.
•Treating the entire compound as one household, though there were 19 separate residences.
•Taking all children instead of just the post-pubescent girls who could have been subjected to the feared sexual abuse by older men.
•Insufficient evidence presented at the first hearing for the children.
•The hearing should have been for each individual child, not all in one hearing.
•Shifting burden of proof to parents to prove innocence, rather than having CPS prove guilt.
Amy Warr, an Austin appellate specialist who is working on a response to the state's request to the Supreme Court, said she got involved in the case because of how badly the state has handled it.
"The result is a lot of people did not get due process. As a lawyer and a mother I know the reason the Legislature set high standards before the state can take kids," Warr said. She said those standards were not met.
The lawyers complain that CPS was supposed to consider removing only children in immediate danger, not children who might grow up to abuse others. The lawyers said CPS was supposed to explore alternatives before removing any children. The appeals court made those same points.
---------------------
More good ideas on reforming Child Welfare, from Richard Wexler:
"In all places where it appears, the phrase “best interests of the child” should be replaced with the phrase “least detrimental alternative.”
Currently, almost all state laws involving custody of children are liberally sprinkled with the phrase “best interests of the child.”
But that is a phrase filled with hubris. It says we are wise enough always to know what is best and capable always of acting on what we know. In fact, those are dangerous assumptions that can lead us to try to fix what isn’t broken or make worse what is.
More than thirty years ago, Albert Solnit, Joseph Goldstein, and Anna Freud, proposed an alternative phrase. They said “best interests of the child” should be re-placed with “least detrimental alternative.”
“Least detrimental alternative” is a humble phrase. It recognizes that whenever we intervene in family life we do harm. Sometimes we must intervene anyway, because intervening is less harmful than not intervening. But whenever we step in, harm is done.
The phrase “least detrimental alternative” is a constant reminder that we must always balance the harm that we may think a family is doing against the harm of intervening. It is exactly the shot of humility that every child welfare system needs.
Richard Wexler
National Coalition for Child Protection Reform
www.nccpr.org
-------------------------------
From TRLA's response to the State's appeal to the Texas Supreme Court:
By denying the stay and
allowing the court of appeals’ order to take effect, this Court would halt the only harm that everyone is certain is occurring. As the court of appeals correctly determined, there is no evidence of any equivalent harm—including abuse—that could justify the stay.
The Department removed these children from their homes, but now contends that
it cannot return the children to their mothers, as the court of appeals’ decision requires,
because it does not know with certainty which child belongs with which mother. This
argument is belied by both the evidence in the record and the Department’s own actions.
The Department first complains that Appendix 1 to the mothers’ reply brief in the
court of appeals was not before the trial court and therefore could not be considered by
the court of appeals. This is beside the point. Appendix 1 is not evidence, and was never
intended as evidence. It is part of the mothers’ briefing and was prepared from the record
in response to the Department’s argument that the mothers had never identified their
children. It points the Court to specific places in the reporter’s record and the clerk’s
record in which mothers identified themselves and their children. See App. 1 to mothers’
reply brief (submitted to Supreme Court’s Clerk by separate e-mail—motion to seal to be
filed). The mothers do not rely on a “bare assertion set forth in a spreadsheet,” Motion
for Emergency Relief at 3, but on the record itself, which the Department ignores.
The Department’s profession of ignorance regarding the children’s parentage is
refuted by its own conduct after the hearing. It is undisputed that the Department has
allowed these mothers to visit their children. It has participated in status hearings with
the parents in which the Department presents the parents with a “service plan,” i.e., the
requirements the parents must fulfill over the next year in order to be reunited with their
children. In those service plans, prepared by the Department, both children and parents
are named. See App. 1, 2, attached. In other words, the matching of children with
parents did not become a problem for the Department until a court decided that it had to
give the children back. The Department’s claim of ignorance strains credulity.
Moreover, even if the Department’s professed confusion has any credence at all, it
certainly cannot justify failure to return all the children. If there are particular concerns
about any particular child (of which there is no indication in the record), that would be a
matter for the trial court to address as part of its continuing jurisdiction over the cases and
parties.
--------------
CPS workers complain that the agency is too slow to reimburse them for expenses. They don't want their names used because of fear of backlash from their work. What a sweetheart of a place to work.
Officials from the Texas Department of Family Protective Services say the agency is struggling to reduce a growing backlog in reimbursement requests for out-of-pocket expenses from caseworkers in the field who say the skyrocketing price of gasoline is hampering their ability to do their jobs.
Awww. Poor CPS workers. Here's a thought: why don't they keep all the children in a family together and assign CPS workers by family:
Brooke Adams notes that while caseworkers are complaining about delays in reimbursement, they will at least see some payment. Parents and pro bono attorneys will not, and this mess is not of their making.
Speaking of costs, they continue to mount and are probably being underestimated at the moment. But here is what the Department of Family and Protective Services reported last week about its costs related to the YFZ Ranch effort:
Interestingly, it listed March 29 as the starting date, indicating the agency's effort was underway at that point. That is the day the NewBridge Family Center received the first hoax call about a girl in distress at the ranch.
Wonder why?
----------
6:32 update:
Here's a story mainly about Dan Barlow, 76 year old survivor of the Short Creek Raid, excommunicated a few years ago by Warren Jeffs, and father to a handful of YfZ children in custody. What I found most interesting are the comments from a couple lawyers:
Flower Mound family attorney Natalie Malonis... would not be surprised by a second reversal in the case...
"Just looking at the ruling from the Court of Appeals, there are a lot of gaps," she said. "The Court of Appeals had some very strong language. I could see a (higher) court taking issue with it."
For example, she said, the three justices who issued the opinion - W. Kenneth Law, Bob Pemberton and Alan Waldrop - said the state presented "no evidence" of physical harm. In fact, a CPS witness testified at length during the April 17-18 hearing that children were at risk of hampered brain development under the authoritarian sect lifestyle.
Walther herself seemed to object to the ruling's arguments that the state should have presented evidence only focusing on immediate physical harm to the children, saying during a related hearing Friday that, "I believe it's in the statute" that emotional abuse should be considered.
I can't speak to this legal argument, but I can say that it just blows my mind that the children were at risk of hampered brain development because the FLDS are 'authoritarian,' and so the remedy is to put them in foster homes where they have no say in any aspect of their lives and have been, as Wexler put it, amputated from their mothers, against their strongly expressed will. It's like CPS' remedy is to impose nearly the same ill, but it's okay so long as they and not the parents are the actors.
Incidentally, I have been told, but have no confirmed, that children in foster care, girls, to be specific, are required to have the birth control depo prevera inserted beneath the skin of the upper arms. Is this true?
But what really gets my attention is the insouciant disregard one attorney, Tom Goff, seems to have for the horrific pain being inflicted on the children involved:
He said he had seen the cases moving toward mediation once the status hearings ended in early June, with obvious non-offending parents granted monitored return of their children....
Can somebody tell me by what right the state requires 'non-offending' parents to accept monitoring of the return of their children? By what right does the state even pretend to hold the children of these 'obvious non-offending parents.' Who is the state to 'grant' non-offending parents their OWN CHILDREN?
"She wanted the parties to get together," Goff said of Walther. "She wanted mediation. If they had gotten through the 60-day hearings, it was headed for mediation. The kids were coming back. It would have worked itself out."
Like a bookkeeping error- it would have worked itself out? These are children, not numbers on a page. Months away from all they knew and loved, shuttled about from place to place in the first four weeks, spied on, questioned, forced to submit to medical exams they don't want, living in places with far greater known risks than their own homes, no longer tucked in at night by the mothers who love them, and it was going to work itself out.
No, it wasn't. If the state returned the children right this second, it's too late to undo the harm that has been done. IT can only stop creating more harm.
If I am beating you about the head and shoulders with a rubber hose, we do not refer to it as working itself out because you get a court order requiring that I stop.